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Digital Paxton: Digital Collection, Critical Edition, and Teaching Platform

Map of the Delaware River, ca. 1735

This manuscript map was probably drawn for a 1732 deed. Nicholas Scull, the first deputy surveyor for Philadelphia (1719) and Bucks County (1733); handled land disputes in Delaware Water Gap; he was was part of the surveying that precipitated the Walking Purchase. He later served as the Philadelphia County sheriff (1744-1746) and the province's Surveyor General (1748), author of published maps of Philadelphia region; member of the Junto; fluent in the Lenape language.

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Contents of this path:
1. Map of the land between the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers, June 7, 1719 "Oversize map in Plexiglass case. The map is related to the boundary dispute between New York and New Jersey. The New York commissioners suspected that the northwestern station of the 1686 line was not on the northernmost branch of Delaware river. The New York commissioners evidently shared this suspicion. They sent Captain John Harrison to the branches of the Delaware on June 30, 1719. Harrison was to ""sett out from Minisinks' Island [the terminus on Delaware river fixed in 1686] and go the Indian path to Susquehanna river, and go up Susquehanna river till you meet the Indian path that comes from thence to the Indian town in Delaware called Cashieghtonk. (The New Jersey Archives, vol. 4, 391) Harrison's survey field book dated June 28 -July 8 is at the New Jersey Historical Society. (Stevens Family papers, box 40, folder 2). ""Protracted by a Scale of 5 miles in a inch."" Watermark: Shield / Post Horn Wendelin Riehel (WR 4) / K.J.K. Cf. Gravell, Foreign Watermarks, # 396 (IKM). Unpublished. "
2. Excerpts from the Minutes of the Board of Property, 1727-37 Includes a true copy of a letter from James Logan to Joseph Wheeler concerning purchases from Native Americans. Three excerpts, in the same secretarial hand. Watermark: WW (ligature) / Postal Horn in shield. Cf. Gravell, Foreign Watermarks, #714-715, (Philadelphia, 1764). These excerpts might have been prepared to demonstrate the settlers' interest in the Delaware lands prior to the Walking Purchase. The first two excerpts concern the case of two Upper Forks traders, Nicholas Dupui and Daniel Broadhead, who battled for exclusive rights to the upper Delaware Indian trade. Both tried to ally themselves with the Delaware sachem Lapowinzo. In a meeting with Thomas Penn, Dupui showed the proprietor a petition signed by Lapowinzo and forged marks of other Delawares, asserting that Broadhead's April 5, 1737 land warrant for six hundred acres should be recalled since he "had done them much wrong." Dupui, meanwhile, "had been their trusty and loving friend" which the Delawares rewarded by the same tract of land. The petition's author was Dupui. The proprietor summoned Broadhead who happened to be in Philadelphia. Under the cross-examination, Lapowinzo said Dupui told him that he must sign the petition, although he had nothing against Broadhead of his claims; other Delawares never signed it.
3. Goods received, September 7, 1732 Left side: the list of goods and moneys to be paid. With the note, in Thomas Penn's hand: Stenton, September 7. 1732: "I promise to deliver to Sasoonan & al the Goods mentioned in the above list; within nine months after the date hereof as also the fifty pounds with these mentioned. Right side: Stenton, Sept. 7, 1732. "Paid to Sassoman;" list of goods marked off in pen and pencil; "Rec'd the 7th day of September. The Several goods mentioned in the second column in part of those promised me by Thomas Penn in the first Column and also twenty pounds in parr of ye said fifty. Signed by Sasonan, Alalapis, Pesqueetan, Mayeemo "his mark." Witnesses: James Logan; James Steele, John Wray. Docket label: List of Sassonman's Goods in 1732 Rec'd. In the same hand below: No. 7. Watermark: C.A.W. / Pro Patria; with hat on the tip of the spear. Cf. similar watermark on Plan for rebuilding Magdalen College, 1720s, by Sir James Burrough, (The Architectural Drawings of Magdalen College, Oxford, p. 1). No No exact match in Gravell; cf. # 32 (with AW in Pro Patria, 1765). The unpublished appendix to the treaty negotiated by Thomas Penn and signed on September 7, 1732. The deal opened land along the Schuylkill River watershed between the Lehigh Hills and the Kittatiny Mountains and enlarged Bucks, Philadelphia, and Lancaster Counties. (Cf. Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 1, pp. 344-47).
4. Letter to Governor Penn, March 22, 1732/3 Signed: "Tattemy." Signature and the body of the petition are in the same hand. Docketed on the fold: No. 8; "24th March 1732 Tattemy an Indian." Watermark: Royal arms under Garter, with motto and buckle. Cf. Gravell, Foreign watermarks, # 606, 1746; not an exact match; the Gravell's sample has S.C. on the bottom of the shield). "That your Pettioner being a Native of This Cuntrey and Have Taken a Great deal of Pains and Industery to Make a plantation on Hoping that yr Honnneur will be pleased to Give me a Grant for the said Lands which I suppose may contain about Three hundred Acres on the forks of Dillaware and William Allen and Irishman Longhorn know my Behaviour and the place and your Pettioners as In duly Bound shall for Ever pray. " A warrant for the survey was issued on December 30, 1736 and a patent to "Tundy Tetamy one of our Indian Friends was granted by the proprietaries on April 28, 1738. Tatamy's application was endorsed by Jeremiah Langhorne and William Allen (Northeastern Indian Lives, 1732-1816), p. 259. Cf. Tatamy was the first Native American to own land in accordance with English law. In 1733, while Delawares generally were negotiating for goods and using land as capital or skins as medium of exchange, Tatamy applied for "a piece of land of about 300 Acres on the forks of the Delaware" (Harper, Promised Land, 88 citing James Steele letter book in HSP) The petition might have been retained in order to prove that Tatamy, a Delaware, acknowledge the Penns' rights over the land in the forks.
5. Notes to James Steel, ca. 1732-35
6. Map of the Delaware River, ca. 1735 This manuscript map was probably drawn for a 1732 deed. Nicholas Scull, the first deputy surveyor for Philadelphia (1719) and Bucks County (1733); handled land disputes in Delaware Water Gap; he was was part of the surveying that precipitated the Walking Purchase. He later served as the Philadelphia County sheriff (1744-1746) and the province's Surveyor General (1748), author of published maps of Philadelphia region; member of the Junto; fluent in the Lenape language.
7. Letter to the Lenape Chiefs, May 20, 1740 Letter concerns an attack on a settler named Henry Webb by a Native American named Awannemeak near Menesinck. Watermark: Post Horn, in shield, with bell / C&I Honig. No exact match in Gravell, cf. # 369. Docketed: "Governor Thomas To Awannemeak's Indian King at Asopus" and "No. 49." Regarding the assault on Nicholas Webb. Published, as recorded in the minutes: Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania , vol. 4 (Harrisburg, 1851): 420; Pennsylvania Archives, 4th ser., vol. 1: Papers of the Governors, 1681-1747 (Harrisburg, Pa., 1900): 725-727.
8. Letter to Governor Thomas, January 3, 1741 The date is indicated as January 3, 1740/41, in reference to the March Julian year that began on March 25. Appeal in response to "a complaint made that I let up the Indians for to do mischiefe or make Difficulties or amoung the Peoples the Inhabetants of this Province." The author Jacob Sebring (Seabring or Seaberring) rejects the complaint and reports that the Delawares "tould me that Mr. Penn had taken their Land against their will and Settled a People upon it, that abused them so that they would live so no longer." He also reports that he had written a formal complaint on behalf of the Delawares to Jeremiah Langhorne and criticizes his accuser, "John Mccahon" who had been caught unlawfully detaining and abusing two Lenape young men. Watermark: Royal Arms under Garter / GR Cf. Grenell, Foreign watermarks, # 290-291. Cf: Alfred Mathews, History of Wayne, Pike, and Monroe Counties, Pennsylvania (R.T. Peck & Co., 1886): 29-30, referencing a memorandum of "two letters to Jeremiah Langhorne," from "sundry Indians, dated Nov. 21, 1740 and Jan. 3, 1741, which was "referred to in Minutes, March 26, 1741." The memorandum was found in the collection of James "Logan's manuscripts in possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania." "The scribe for the Indians was Jacob Sebring," who was "arrested by the Sheriff of Bucks County for serving them in that capacity." Cf. Delawares to Jeremiah Langhorne, Smithfield, January 3, 1741. HSP, Penn Manuscripts, Indian Affairs, vol. 4. Cf. "A Letter to the Governor from the same Indians and the like purpose [i.e. seizure of land in Bucks county] Dated Jan. 3rd. 1740-1," mentioned in the Minutes of the of the Provincial Council March 26, 1741, in: Minutes of the Provincial Council. vol. 4 (Harrisburg, 1851): p. 481
9. Letter to Governor Thomas (attestation), January 3, 1741 A letter attesting to the character of Jacob Seaberring; signed by Jacob Kuykendall, Abraham van Campen, Nicholas Dupui and Jacobus Kuykendall. Signed: Jacob Knykendal; Abraham Scampen justice, Nicolas Dupui, Jacobus kuy kendael," i.e. Jacob Kuykendall, Abraham van Campen, Nicholas Dupui, and Jacobus Kuykendall. Watermark: Royal arms under Garter / PL ligature. No exact match in Gravell; Cf. #546 (Northampton, Pa., 1763). Docketed (in the same hand; on facing folds: Letter from the Indians to the Govr. Jan. 3rd 1740/31 referred to in the minutes of March 26 1741" and "Character of Jacob Seaberring 30 Jan. 1740." "The Character of Jacob Seaberring is such that he has always been very true and honest both to King and Country and that we have found great benefit by him." Sebring's accuser came into the country a Servant and Run away from his Masters amongst the Indians and their lived as an Indian many years and at last he could live no longer in peace and quietness for his Rogery, and falseness to them so then being forced to come down amongest the Inhabitants, and married a woman and has lived on idle life all his life time he has never done good for king or country and even for himself."
10. Letter to the Allegheny Chiefs, October 20, 1741
11. Proclamation of Peace, August 3, 1756
12. Letter to Richard Peters, December 11, 1756 A summary or a precis of a letter from Thomas Penn to an identified recipient, perhaps Richard Peters. Mentions William Denny, Thomas Pownall, Benjamin Franklin and his instructions from the General Assembly, loss of Oswego; men raised in Pennsylvania "for the American Regiments;" the fate of Shirley's and Pepperell's regiments; John Stanwix; the news of the John Armstrong's expedition against Kittanning received by the Duke of Cumberland; "Parson Barton," (i.e. Thomas Barton), the supply bill; provincial elections; Loudoun's decision to quarter the regular troops in Philadelphia, "Land Tax" issue, etc.
14. Abstract of a bill (Penn v. Baltimore), ca. 1757 Manuscript bound with string. A copy concerning the Pennsylvania and Maryland boundary dispute. In secretarial hand, with broad margins, with manicules and cross-references. Docketed: "Penn v. Baltimore. Copy of the dispute in 1685. Loebbs (?) Br[ief]. of Bill & Answers." Record of the depositions of William Penn and Lord Baltimore before the Board of Trade, during the arbitration over their dispute over the three lower counties on the Delaware. The Board ruled in Penn's favor. (For the ruling, see Papers of William Penn vol. 3, p. 10). This copy was most likely made during the 1757 investigation. Cf. HSP. Penn family papers (Collection 0485A). Series VII: Penn v. Baltimore, vol. 1 (1606-1732). Unpublished.
15. Hyder deposition, March 1, 1757
16. Marshall deposition, March 1, 1757
17. Brown deposition, March 5, 1757
18. Peters deposition, 1757
19. Smith deposition, March 15, 1757
20. Conference between Croghan and Teedyuscung, August 1, 1757
21. Garrison at Fort Halifax, August 1, 1757
22. Terms sent to Teedyuscung, August 1, 1757 The terms offered a public reading of the Walking Purchase deed in lieu of an inquiry by Sir William Johnson. Rough minutes of a conference between Teedyuscung and George Croghan. Added in a different hand: "Upon the Conversation, Mr. Croghan & Mr. Weiser at this instance came to the Governor & Mr. Croghan gave it as his opinion that if Governor" would let "Teedyuscung & some of his Cronies" to see the documents, it would "sate" Teedyuscung that would go "in his proceedings no further."
23. Croghan and Weiser despositions, August 2, 1757
24. Budge and Biddle depositions, August 2, 1757 The deposition by Christian Budge and Edward Biddle who testified "that as We were standing by Nicholas Scull's House in this Town, King Teedyuscung with several Indians came there; that Mr. Israel Pemberton took the King by the Hand and went into Mr. Scull's House with him." On verso: 1757, Feb. 21. Draft of the summons from the "Committee appointed to inquire of Indian Complaints against this Government," to Edward Marshall, John Hyder, and Timothy Smith. Apparently, the draft was used as scrap paper to record Busse's and Biddle's deposition.
25. Shoemaker and Drake depositions, August 2, 1757
26. Account of the Indian reaction to Teedyuscung, August 3, 1757 "Note, signed by Thomas Morrison and Conrad Weiser, describing the ""rest of Indians"" who ""Murmoured against Teediskon."" Added, in pencil: ""Teed did not like the 6 Nations laughing at him."" With: Denny, William. To ""Gentlemen."" 1757, July 11. Draft of the letter to ""a deputation of the Society of Friends expressing the displeasure of the Proprietaries at their interference in treaties with the Indians."" The draft was apparently used as scrap paper."
27. Letter to Richard Peters, August 3, 1757 "Sir, I have Sent one Henry Deigenhart with letters from Carlisle to his Honour the Governor; as I understand both, Colonel Stanwix & Lieu. Col. Armstrong gave orders to the Post to get them sent to Easton. The Answers may be here by Saturday Morning, Time enough to be sent to Carlisle by the next Post. The Bearer is to have Thirty Shillings, which I make no Doubts, Sir, you will be so good as to sea he gets, as you were so kind as to get the Express from hence paid last week. Pray be so kind as to let me know whether it will be proper to let the Pacquets from Carlisle to the Govenor or yourself be carried to Philadelphia or whether it will be best to send them to Easton. The Bearer begs that he may not be obliged to bear his own expenses at Easton, as he thinks thirty shillings very low for riding so far Express. P.S. The Philadelphia Lawyers, I hear will not come over from Lancaster next week, to our Court, being afraid of losing their scalps if they should attempt. I am very much hurryd just now, preparing for the Term approaching."
28. Extracts from a journal, August 7-8, 1757
29. Letter to Governor Denny, August 12, 1757 Signed autograph letter. James Young, the Commissary of the Muster and paymaster of William Denny's Pennsylvania Regiment, complains about recalcitrant "Commissioners" of the General Assembly who have been refusing to appropriate the money "til they were assured they had had the duty they were engage'd," citing "great Complaints" that "the troops did not Range to the Enemy's Country, and the they were within One hundred miles of what was Commonly call'd For Duquesne, they never could learnt in Two Years, whether there was any such Fort there or no." As the Commissioners were "assured" that the men "they did not do their duty, the only Method they had to Compell them to it, or to make them leave the Service, was by detaining their pay from them."
30. Hyndshaw deposition, August 31, 1757 A corrected draft. The immediate record of the affidavit of James Hyndshaw, "of County of Northampton & Lieutenant of the First Battalion or ye Pennsylvania regiment," before William Allen. Hyndshaw testified of a "Close Conference" between "People called Quakers belonging to ye said Province but chiefly from Philadelphia," including Israel Pemberton and Isaac Norris, and Teeduyscung. Cf. published text: Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 3 pp. 263-264.
32. Memorandum on Easton, August 3, 1757
33. Lisle deposition, August, 1757
34. Weiser deposition, September 24, 1757
35. Allen, Hamilton, Peters, and Lyell depositions, September 1757 A corrected draft. Docketed, in the same hand: "Dr. Affidavits of Mr. Allen, Mr. Hamilton, R. Peters, & Mr. Lyell." Peters testified, "on his oath," that he had found "Papers and Writings purporting to be a copy of an Original Deed for lands purchased by ye late Proprietor William Penn, Esq. from ye Delaware Indians, situated in & near ye Forks of ye River Delaware, bearing date ye 20th Day of August Anno Domini 1686 & of which now produced copy." Peters also testified that the copy "annexed" was "a true Transcript carefully compared & examined by ye Deponent with the ancient Copy."
36. Allen, Hamilton, Peters and Denny depositions, October 1757
37. Allen, Hamilton, Peters, Scull, and Denny depositions (fair copy), December 6, 1757
38. Allen, Hamilton, Peters, Scull, and Denny depositions (heavily corrected), December 6, 1757
39. Letter to Governor Denny, December 8, 1757
40. Letter to Conrad Weiser, December 24, 1757 "To be delivered to his Honor the Governor per Insign Martin (?)" Docketed: "24 December 1757 James Read with 3 Indians." Regarding "three Indians to wit, John Jacob, David, and James, a lad of about 13 years," all "Delawares one in Teedious Kon's son" to be escorted to William Denny to Philadelphia "gratifying their Inclination." With: Weiser, Conrad. To William Denny. Note informing Denny of the Delawares' arrival; "Jordyn (?) Eberhard, Martin, and a serjeant of Mass. Company came with them."
41. Copy of the alleged 1686 treaty, ca. 1757 A true copy of the allegedly lost 1686 Walking Purchase Treaty; the main document justifying the Walking Purchase. This copy was most likely produced by Richard Peters' office in 1757. Marked "Copia vera" on the bottom; with two blank spaces left unfilled in the text. Secretarial hand, the same as on No. 1. Watermark: Post horn / Wendelin Riehel / 4 WR / WW countermark. Cf. Grenell, Foreign Watermarks, #714-715; Philadelphia, 1764. The replica of the "antient" copy of the allegedly lost deed that entitled the Proprietor to a tract of land "back into the woods as far as a man can goe in a day and a half" and the main document justifying the Walking Purchase. Copy of the incomplete deed August 25 1686, most likely produced by Richard Peters' office in 1757. Cf. Alden T. Vaughan, Early American Indian Documents: Treaties and laws, 1607-1789. Vol. 1: Pennsylvania and Delaware Treaties, 1629-1737 (Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1979), pp. p. 80, 476; after: Colonial Records of Pennsylvania, vol. 13, pp. 465-466; the published text is a recap of a summary rather than the full text. Cf. Sir William Johnson's report to the Board of Trade, Aug. 1, 1762, in: The Papers of Sir William Johnston, vol. 3, p. 840. Cf. manuscript copies in HSP: Board of Trade Papers, Proprietaries, 1697-1776, XXI-1, Ind X., 12 Doc. (b) and in Penn Mss., Indian Affairs, IV.
42. Excerpt from August 24, 1737 Minutes, ca. 1757 In secretarial hand. Watermark: Royal Arms under Garter / GR under crown. Cf. Gravell, 1755. Cf. Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 1, pp. 539-543; William Joseph Buck. History of the Indian Walk: Performed for the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania in 1737, to which is Appended a Life of Edward Marshall (Edwin S. Stuart, 1886): 69-70. The minutes of meeting of the Provincial Council, a day before the conference between the Penn brothers and the Delaware chiefs in Stenton. Thomas Penn reported on the previous conferences with the Indians "to adjust some Matters relating to Lands lying in the Country of Bucks which tho formerly fully and absolutely released by the Indians then inhabiting those Parts to his Father yet they had of late made some claims to them." Most likely, the excerpt was prepared in the course of the 1757 investigation.
43. Misc. manuscripts and fragments, ca. 1757-62 Miscellaneous manuscripts and fragments. First Meeting" and "2nd Meeting." List of names: Sergeant, Patterson, Biddle, Sutherland, Duane, Galt, Earle, Macary, Randall, B.C.; Sergt. Newbold, C.J. Ingersoll, Kane, Earle, Jack, Lehman. "Memorandum in Book C. 190." Wrapper, docketed: "Conrad Weiser's Affidavit proving the Execution of Two Deeds from the 5 Nations in 1736 for Lands in Susquehanna & the Forks & their Petition to the Proprietors not to buy any Land from the Delawares.
44. Speech on behalf of the Delaware Indians, September 18, 1758 Watermark: Royal arms under Garter / GR under crown in cartouche. Docketed: "an old Indian Speech." No. 39. Docketed on P. 4: "Part of Genl. Indians speech at Easton." Contemporaneous record of the famous speech, in Conrad Weiser's hand. This is the fourth known copy. Cf. copies in: HSP, Penn. Mss. Indian Affairs, V, 63; the Chatham Papers (PRO, 30/8, 96, ff. 108, 154-55, attached to Thomas Penn's letter to William Pitt of February 3, 1759), and PHMC, Provincial papers, XXVII, 69; enclosed in Weiser's letter to Richard Peters of November 15, 1758. Ackawonothio, or Anacatotha was a a Shawnee or Delaware chief who earlier lived in Wyoming Valley. Published, after the HSP copy, in: Alden T. Vaughan, Early American Indian Documents: Treaties and laws, 1607-1789. Vol. 3: Pennsylvania Treaties, 1756-1757 (Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1979), p. 425.
45. Peters and Scull depositions, December 30, 1758
46. Petition to the King, February 2, 1759 A contemporary copy, marked: "Copie." Watermark: Royal arms / GR under crown. This is the fifth copy of the petition. Cf. a draft at the American Antiquarian society and three contemporary copies at HSP. Published: Petition to the King in Council, [2 February 1759]," Founders Online, National Archives, accessed September 29, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-08-02-0070. [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 8, April 1, 1758, through December 31, 1759, ed. Leonard W. Labaree. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1965, pp. 264–276.
48. Response to Thomson's pamphlet, 1759
49. Peters deposition, May 28, 1762
50. Extracts from the alleged 1686 diary, June 1762 A corrected draft; the excerpts were used by the Proprietors' lawyers to prove the authenticity of the 1686 treaty. Endorsed as follows: "Examined & compared to William Markham's old Diary W. Peters and Richard Peters." Heavily edited draft of the alleged excerpt from the "antient" diary of William Markham for August 9-27, 1686. The excerpt was used by the proprietors' lawyers to prove the authenticity of the 1686 "treaty." Watermark: Royal arms under Garter/GR under crown, same as the copia vera of the 1686 treaty.
51. Papers respecting Teedyuscung's complaint, June 1762
52. Account of a conversation between Joseph Fox and the Governor, June 21, 1762
53. Present at Easton, June 22, 1762
54. Proceedings at Easton, June 22, 1762
55. Speeches to the Indians at Easton, June 22, 1762 A draft of the account of Sir William Johnson's and Israel Pemberton's speeches to the Indians at Easton. "At 5 O'Clock Sir William Johnson by a Messenger gave us Notice that he had appointed the Indians [added in different hand: which had been prepared to hold the conference in] to meet him the Bowery within an hour when he intended to speak to them. We attended and Sir William Johnson made a Speech at them, the substance of which was as follows." [note on the margin] That it was injust to deny Teedy. a clerk which was his national right that he had as much right to app. a clerk as Sir William upon which Mr. Marsh said that he was not appointed Secretary by Sir W. but the King. Cf. Papers of Sir William Johnson, vol. 3, 762-771. "Sir William then asked Israel Pemberton 'what right he had to interpose in this matter, and said that, He was, by the Royal Order, to hear the Complaints of the Indians, and the Proprietaries Defence, and that no other person had any right to Intermeddle. That the Governor, and the Proprietary-Commissioners who were, by did not at all interfere. Israel insolently answer'd that He was a Freeman and had as much Right to speak as the Governor. That it was injust to deny Teeduyscung a Clerk which was his natural right. Upon which Mr. March said, that he was not appointed Secretary by Sir William but by the King. Mr. Marsh is Witham Marsh, Secretary for Indian Affairs.
56. Account of the conversation between Galloway and Chew, June 24, 1762
Contents of this path:
2. Deed from Indians on the Susquehanna (1700)
3. Excerpts from the Minutes of the Board of Property, 1727-37 Includes a true copy of a letter from James Logan to Joseph Wheeler concerning purchases from Native Americans. Three excerpts, in the same secretarial hand. Watermark: WW (ligature) / Postal Horn in shield. Cf. Gravell, Foreign Watermarks, #714-715, (Philadelphia, 1764). These excerpts might have been prepared to demonstrate the settlers' interest in the Delaware lands prior to the Walking Purchase. The first two excerpts concern the case of two Upper Forks traders, Nicholas Dupui and Daniel Broadhead, who battled for exclusive rights to the upper Delaware Indian trade. Both tried to ally themselves with the Delaware sachem Lapowinzo. In a meeting with Thomas Penn, Dupui showed the proprietor a petition signed by Lapowinzo and forged marks of other Delawares, asserting that Broadhead's April 5, 1737 land warrant for six hundred acres should be recalled since he "had done them much wrong." Dupui, meanwhile, "had been their trusty and loving friend" which the Delawares rewarded by the same tract of land. The petition's author was Dupui. The proprietor summoned Broadhead who happened to be in Philadelphia. Under the cross-examination, Lapowinzo said Dupui told him that he must sign the petition, although he had nothing against Broadhead of his claims; other Delawares never signed it.
4. Letter to Governor Penn, March 22, 1732/3 Signed: "Tattemy." Signature and the body of the petition are in the same hand. Docketed on the fold: No. 8; "24th March 1732 Tattemy an Indian." Watermark: Royal arms under Garter, with motto and buckle. Cf. Gravell, Foreign watermarks, # 606, 1746; not an exact match; the Gravell's sample has S.C. on the bottom of the shield). "That your Pettioner being a Native of This Cuntrey and Have Taken a Great deal of Pains and Industery to Make a plantation on Hoping that yr Honnneur will be pleased to Give me a Grant for the said Lands which I suppose may contain about Three hundred Acres on the forks of Dillaware and William Allen and Irishman Longhorn know my Behaviour and the place and your Pettioners as In duly Bound shall for Ever pray. " A warrant for the survey was issued on December 30, 1736 and a patent to "Tundy Tetamy one of our Indian Friends was granted by the proprietaries on April 28, 1738. Tatamy's application was endorsed by Jeremiah Langhorne and William Allen (Northeastern Indian Lives, 1732-1816), p. 259. Cf. Tatamy was the first Native American to own land in accordance with English law. In 1733, while Delawares generally were negotiating for goods and using land as capital or skins as medium of exchange, Tatamy applied for "a piece of land of about 300 Acres on the forks of the Delaware" (Harper, Promised Land, 88 citing James Steele letter book in HSP) The petition might have been retained in order to prove that Tatamy, a Delaware, acknowledge the Penns' rights over the land in the forks.
5. Goods received, September 7, 1732 Left side: the list of goods and moneys to be paid. With the note, in Thomas Penn's hand: Stenton, September 7. 1732: "I promise to deliver to Sasoonan & al the Goods mentioned in the above list; within nine months after the date hereof as also the fifty pounds with these mentioned. Right side: Stenton, Sept. 7, 1732. "Paid to Sassoman;" list of goods marked off in pen and pencil; "Rec'd the 7th day of September. The Several goods mentioned in the second column in part of those promised me by Thomas Penn in the first Column and also twenty pounds in parr of ye said fifty. Signed by Sasonan, Alalapis, Pesqueetan, Mayeemo "his mark." Witnesses: James Logan; James Steele, John Wray. Docket label: List of Sassonman's Goods in 1732 Rec'd. In the same hand below: No. 7. Watermark: C.A.W. / Pro Patria; with hat on the tip of the spear. Cf. similar watermark on Plan for rebuilding Magdalen College, 1720s, by Sir James Burrough, (The Architectural Drawings of Magdalen College, Oxford, p. 1). No No exact match in Gravell; cf. # 32 (with AW in Pro Patria, 1765). The unpublished appendix to the treaty negotiated by Thomas Penn and signed on September 7, 1732. The deal opened land along the Schuylkill River watershed between the Lehigh Hills and the Kittatiny Mountains and enlarged Bucks, Philadelphia, and Lancaster Counties. (Cf. Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 1, pp. 344-47).
6. Notes to James Steel, ca. 1732-35
7. Map of the Delaware River, ca. 1735 This manuscript map was probably drawn for a 1732 deed. Nicholas Scull, the first deputy surveyor for Philadelphia (1719) and Bucks County (1733); handled land disputes in Delaware Water Gap; he was was part of the surveying that precipitated the Walking Purchase. He later served as the Philadelphia County sheriff (1744-1746) and the province's Surveyor General (1748), author of published maps of Philadelphia region; member of the Junto; fluent in the Lenape language.
8. Minutes of Contracts In Conestoga Manor, 1737-1760 Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
9. Letter to the Lenape Chiefs, May 20, 1740 Letter concerns an attack on a settler named Henry Webb by a Native American named Awannemeak near Menesinck. Watermark: Post Horn, in shield, with bell / C&I Honig. No exact match in Gravell, cf. # 369. Docketed: "Governor Thomas To Awannemeak's Indian King at Asopus" and "No. 49." Regarding the assault on Nicholas Webb. Published, as recorded in the minutes: Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania , vol. 4 (Harrisburg, 1851): 420; Pennsylvania Archives, 4th ser., vol. 1: Papers of the Governors, 1681-1747 (Harrisburg, Pa., 1900): 725-727.
10. Letter to Governor Thomas, January 3, 1741 The date is indicated as January 3, 1740/41, in reference to the March Julian year that began on March 25. Appeal in response to "a complaint made that I let up the Indians for to do mischiefe or make Difficulties or amoung the Peoples the Inhabetants of this Province." The author Jacob Sebring (Seabring or Seaberring) rejects the complaint and reports that the Delawares "tould me that Mr. Penn had taken their Land against their will and Settled a People upon it, that abused them so that they would live so no longer." He also reports that he had written a formal complaint on behalf of the Delawares to Jeremiah Langhorne and criticizes his accuser, "John Mccahon" who had been caught unlawfully detaining and abusing two Lenape young men. Watermark: Royal Arms under Garter / GR Cf. Grenell, Foreign watermarks, # 290-291. Cf: Alfred Mathews, History of Wayne, Pike, and Monroe Counties, Pennsylvania (R.T. Peck & Co., 1886): 29-30, referencing a memorandum of "two letters to Jeremiah Langhorne," from "sundry Indians, dated Nov. 21, 1740 and Jan. 3, 1741, which was "referred to in Minutes, March 26, 1741." The memorandum was found in the collection of James "Logan's manuscripts in possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania." "The scribe for the Indians was Jacob Sebring," who was "arrested by the Sheriff of Bucks County for serving them in that capacity." Cf. Delawares to Jeremiah Langhorne, Smithfield, January 3, 1741. HSP, Penn Manuscripts, Indian Affairs, vol. 4. Cf. "A Letter to the Governor from the same Indians and the like purpose [i.e. seizure of land in Bucks county] Dated Jan. 3rd. 1740-1," mentioned in the Minutes of the of the Provincial Council March 26, 1741, in: Minutes of the Provincial Council. vol. 4 (Harrisburg, 1851): p. 481
11. Letter to Governor Thomas (attestation), January 3, 1741 A letter attesting to the character of Jacob Seaberring; signed by Jacob Kuykendall, Abraham van Campen, Nicholas Dupui and Jacobus Kuykendall. Signed: Jacob Knykendal; Abraham Scampen justice, Nicolas Dupui, Jacobus kuy kendael," i.e. Jacob Kuykendall, Abraham van Campen, Nicholas Dupui, and Jacobus Kuykendall. Watermark: Royal arms under Garter / PL ligature. No exact match in Gravell; Cf. #546 (Northampton, Pa., 1763). Docketed (in the same hand; on facing folds: Letter from the Indians to the Govr. Jan. 3rd 1740/31 referred to in the minutes of March 26 1741" and "Character of Jacob Seaberring 30 Jan. 1740." "The Character of Jacob Seaberring is such that he has always been very true and honest both to King and Country and that we have found great benefit by him." Sebring's accuser came into the country a Servant and Run away from his Masters amongst the Indians and their lived as an Indian many years and at last he could live no longer in peace and quietness for his Rogery, and falseness to them so then being forced to come down amongest the Inhabitants, and married a woman and has lived on idle life all his life time he has never done good for king or country and even for himself."
12. Letter to the Allegheny Chiefs, October 20, 1741
13. Tract of Land Situated in Conestoga Manor (January 18, 1752) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
14. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, March 28, 1753
15. Edward Shippen to William Allen, June 17, 1755
16. Timothy Horsfield to William Parsons, December 14, 1755
17. Proclamation of Peace, August 3, 1756
18. Memoranda, 1756 to 1761
19. Account of the Indian Complaints, 1756
20. Friends' Address to the Governor, April 1756
21. Conversation with the Indians, April 19, 1756
22. Christopher Towne to Israel Pemberton, April 25, 1756
23. Memorandum of an Account of the Indian Nicodemus, June 30, 1756
24. Letter to Richard Peters, December 11, 1756 A summary or a precis of a letter from Thomas Penn to an identified recipient, perhaps Richard Peters. Mentions William Denny, Thomas Pownall, Benjamin Franklin and his instructions from the General Assembly, loss of Oswego; men raised in Pennsylvania "for the American Regiments;" the fate of Shirley's and Pepperell's regiments; John Stanwix; the news of the John Armstrong's expedition against Kittanning received by the Duke of Cumberland; "Parson Barton," (i.e. Thomas Barton), the supply bill; provincial elections; Loudoun's decision to quarter the regular troops in Philadelphia, "Land Tax" issue, etc.
26. Passport for Joseph Peepy and Lewis Montour, January 9, 1757
27. John Ross to Richard Peters (February 24, 1757) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore. For more information, visit http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/sd/r17sdc.htm
28. Hyder deposition, March 1, 1757
29. Marshall deposition, March 1, 1757
30. Brown deposition, March 5, 1757
31. Smith deposition, March 15, 1757
33. George Stevenson Letter (April 12, 1757) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
34. Message to the Delaware, May 1, 1757
36. George Croghan to Timothy Horsfield, May 24, 1757
37. George Stevenson Letter (May 28, 1757) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
38. Conference between Croghan and Teedyuscung, August 1, 1757
39. Garrison at Fort Halifax, August 1, 1757
40. Terms sent to Teedyuscung, August 1, 1757 The terms offered a public reading of the Walking Purchase deed in lieu of an inquiry by Sir William Johnson. Rough minutes of a conference between Teedyuscung and George Croghan. Added in a different hand: "Upon the Conversation, Mr. Croghan & Mr. Weiser at this instance came to the Governor & Mr. Croghan gave it as his opinion that if Governor" would let "Teedyuscung & some of his Cronies" to see the documents, it would "sate" Teedyuscung that would go "in his proceedings no further."
41. Budge and Biddle depositions, August 2, 1757 The deposition by Christian Budge and Edward Biddle who testified "that as We were standing by Nicholas Scull's House in this Town, King Teedyuscung with several Indians came there; that Mr. Israel Pemberton took the King by the Hand and went into Mr. Scull's House with him." On verso: 1757, Feb. 21. Draft of the summons from the "Committee appointed to inquire of Indian Complaints against this Government," to Edward Marshall, John Hyder, and Timothy Smith. Apparently, the draft was used as scrap paper to record Busse's and Biddle's deposition.
42. Croghan and Weiser despositions, August 2, 1757
43. Shoemaker and Drake depositions, August 2, 1757
44. Account of the Indian reaction to Teedyuscung, August 3, 1757 "Note, signed by Thomas Morrison and Conrad Weiser, describing the ""rest of Indians"" who ""Murmoured against Teediskon."" Added, in pencil: ""Teed did not like the 6 Nations laughing at him."" With: Denny, William. To ""Gentlemen."" 1757, July 11. Draft of the letter to ""a deputation of the Society of Friends expressing the displeasure of the Proprietaries at their interference in treaties with the Indians."" The draft was apparently used as scrap paper."
45. Letter to Richard Peters, August 3, 1757 "Sir, I have Sent one Henry Deigenhart with letters from Carlisle to his Honour the Governor; as I understand both, Colonel Stanwix & Lieu. Col. Armstrong gave orders to the Post to get them sent to Easton. The Answers may be here by Saturday Morning, Time enough to be sent to Carlisle by the next Post. The Bearer is to have Thirty Shillings, which I make no Doubts, Sir, you will be so good as to sea he gets, as you were so kind as to get the Express from hence paid last week. Pray be so kind as to let me know whether it will be proper to let the Pacquets from Carlisle to the Govenor or yourself be carried to Philadelphia or whether it will be best to send them to Easton. The Bearer begs that he may not be obliged to bear his own expenses at Easton, as he thinks thirty shillings very low for riding so far Express. P.S. The Philadelphia Lawyers, I hear will not come over from Lancaster next week, to our Court, being afraid of losing their scalps if they should attempt. I am very much hurryd just now, preparing for the Term approaching."
46. Memorandum on Easton, August 3, 1757
47. Extracts from a journal, August 7-8, 1757
48. Letter to Governor Denny, August 12, 1757 Signed autograph letter. James Young, the Commissary of the Muster and paymaster of William Denny's Pennsylvania Regiment, complains about recalcitrant "Commissioners" of the General Assembly who have been refusing to appropriate the money "til they were assured they had had the duty they were engage'd," citing "great Complaints" that "the troops did not Range to the Enemy's Country, and the they were within One hundred miles of what was Commonly call'd For Duquesne, they never could learnt in Two Years, whether there was any such Fort there or no." As the Commissioners were "assured" that the men "they did not do their duty, the only Method they had to Compell them to it, or to make them leave the Service, was by detaining their pay from them."
49. Hyndshaw deposition, August 31, 1757 A corrected draft. The immediate record of the affidavit of James Hyndshaw, "of County of Northampton & Lieutenant of the First Battalion or ye Pennsylvania regiment," before William Allen. Hyndshaw testified of a "Close Conference" between "People called Quakers belonging to ye said Province but chiefly from Philadelphia," including Israel Pemberton and Isaac Norris, and Teeduyscung. Cf. published text: Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 3 pp. 263-264.
50. Lisle deposition, August, 1757
52. Weiser deposition, September 24, 1757
53. Allen, Hamilton, Peters, and Lyell depositions, September 1757 A corrected draft. Docketed, in the same hand: "Dr. Affidavits of Mr. Allen, Mr. Hamilton, R. Peters, & Mr. Lyell." Peters testified, "on his oath," that he had found "Papers and Writings purporting to be a copy of an Original Deed for lands purchased by ye late Proprietor William Penn, Esq. from ye Delaware Indians, situated in & near ye Forks of ye River Delaware, bearing date ye 20th Day of August Anno Domini 1686 & of which now produced copy." Peters also testified that the copy "annexed" was "a true Transcript carefully compared & examined by ye Deponent with the ancient Copy."
54. Allen, Hamilton, Peters and Denny depositions, October 1757
55. Allen, Hamilton, Peters, Scull, and Denny depositions (fair copy), December 6, 1757
56. Allen, Hamilton, Peters, Scull, and Denny depositions (heavily corrected), December 6, 1757
57. Letter to Governor Denny, December 8, 1757
58. Letter to Conrad Weiser, December 24, 1757 "To be delivered to his Honor the Governor per Insign Martin (?)" Docketed: "24 December 1757 James Read with 3 Indians." Regarding "three Indians to wit, John Jacob, David, and James, a lad of about 13 years," all "Delawares one in Teedious Kon's son" to be escorted to William Denny to Philadelphia "gratifying their Inclination." With: Weiser, Conrad. To William Denny. Note informing Denny of the Delawares' arrival; "Jordyn (?) Eberhard, Martin, and a serjeant of Mass. Company came with them."
59. Peters deposition, 1757
60. Abstract of a bill (Penn v. Baltimore), ca. 1757 Manuscript bound with string. A copy concerning the Pennsylvania and Maryland boundary dispute. In secretarial hand, with broad margins, with manicules and cross-references. Docketed: "Penn v. Baltimore. Copy of the dispute in 1685. Loebbs (?) Br[ief]. of Bill & Answers." Record of the depositions of William Penn and Lord Baltimore before the Board of Trade, during the arbitration over their dispute over the three lower counties on the Delaware. The Board ruled in Penn's favor. (For the ruling, see Papers of William Penn vol. 3, p. 10). This copy was most likely made during the 1757 investigation. Cf. HSP. Penn family papers (Collection 0485A). Series VII: Penn v. Baltimore, vol. 1 (1606-1732). Unpublished.
61. Copy of the alleged 1686 treaty, ca. 1757 A true copy of the allegedly lost 1686 Walking Purchase Treaty; the main document justifying the Walking Purchase. This copy was most likely produced by Richard Peters' office in 1757. Marked "Copia vera" on the bottom; with two blank spaces left unfilled in the text. Secretarial hand, the same as on No. 1. Watermark: Post horn / Wendelin Riehel / 4 WR / WW countermark. Cf. Grenell, Foreign Watermarks, #714-715; Philadelphia, 1764. The replica of the "antient" copy of the allegedly lost deed that entitled the Proprietor to a tract of land "back into the woods as far as a man can goe in a day and a half" and the main document justifying the Walking Purchase. Copy of the incomplete deed August 25 1686, most likely produced by Richard Peters' office in 1757. Cf. Alden T. Vaughan, Early American Indian Documents: Treaties and laws, 1607-1789. Vol. 1: Pennsylvania and Delaware Treaties, 1629-1737 (Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1979), pp. p. 80, 476; after: Colonial Records of Pennsylvania, vol. 13, pp. 465-466; the published text is a recap of a summary rather than the full text. Cf. Sir William Johnson's report to the Board of Trade, Aug. 1, 1762, in: The Papers of Sir William Johnston, vol. 3, p. 840. Cf. manuscript copies in HSP: Board of Trade Papers, Proprietaries, 1697-1776, XXI-1, Ind X., 12 Doc. (b) and in Penn Mss., Indian Affairs, IV.
62. Excerpt from August 24, 1737 Minutes, ca. 1757 In secretarial hand. Watermark: Royal Arms under Garter / GR under crown. Cf. Gravell, 1755. Cf. Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 1, pp. 539-543; William Joseph Buck. History of the Indian Walk: Performed for the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania in 1737, to which is Appended a Life of Edward Marshall (Edwin S. Stuart, 1886): 69-70. The minutes of meeting of the Provincial Council, a day before the conference between the Penn brothers and the Delaware chiefs in Stenton. Thomas Penn reported on the previous conferences with the Indians "to adjust some Matters relating to Lands lying in the Country of Bucks which tho formerly fully and absolutely released by the Indians then inhabiting those Parts to his Father yet they had of late made some claims to them." Most likely, the excerpt was prepared in the course of the 1757 investigation.
63. Misc. manuscripts and fragments, ca. 1757-62 Miscellaneous manuscripts and fragments. First Meeting" and "2nd Meeting." List of names: Sergeant, Patterson, Biddle, Sutherland, Duane, Galt, Earle, Macary, Randall, B.C.; Sergt. Newbold, C.J. Ingersoll, Kane, Earle, Jack, Lehman. "Memorandum in Book C. 190." Wrapper, docketed: "Conrad Weiser's Affidavit proving the Execution of Two Deeds from the 5 Nations in 1736 for Lands in Susquehanna & the Forks & their Petition to the Proprietors not to buy any Land from the Delawares.
64. George Stevenson Letter (January 16, 1758) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
65. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, April 13, 1758
66. Robert Strettell to Timothy Horsfield, April 14, 1758
67. Journal of Christian Frederick Post, June 20, 1758
68. General Forbes to Israel Pemberton, August 18, 1758
69. Israel Pemberton to Charles Read, September 10, 1758
70. Speech on behalf of the Delaware Indians, September 18, 1758 Watermark: Royal arms under Garter / GR under crown in cartouche. Docketed: "an old Indian Speech." No. 39. Docketed on P. 4: "Part of Genl. Indians speech at Easton." Contemporaneous record of the famous speech, in Conrad Weiser's hand. This is the fourth known copy. Cf. copies in: HSP, Penn. Mss. Indian Affairs, V, 63; the Chatham Papers (PRO, 30/8, 96, ff. 108, 154-55, attached to Thomas Penn's letter to William Pitt of February 3, 1759), and PHMC, Provincial papers, XXVII, 69; enclosed in Weiser's letter to Richard Peters of November 15, 1758. Ackawonothio, or Anacatotha was a a Shawnee or Delaware chief who earlier lived in Wyoming Valley. Published, after the HSP copy, in: Alden T. Vaughan, Early American Indian Documents: Treaties and laws, 1607-1789. Vol. 3: Pennsylvania Treaties, 1756-1757 (Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1979), p. 425.
71. Peters and Scull depositions, December 30, 1758
72. General Forbes to Israel Pemberton, January 15, 1759
73. Samuel Lightfoot to Israel Pemberton, January 31, 1759
74. Petition to the King, February 2, 1759 A contemporary copy, marked: "Copie." Watermark: Royal arms / GR under crown. This is the fifth copy of the petition. Cf. a draft at the American Antiquarian society and three contemporary copies at HSP. Published: Petition to the King in Council, [2 February 1759]," Founders Online, National Archives, accessed September 29, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-08-02-0070. [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 8, April 1, 1758, through December 31, 1759, ed. Leonard W. Labaree. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1965, pp. 264–276.
75. James Kenny to Israel Pemberton, February 12, 1759
76. George Stevenson Letter (March 2, 1759) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
77. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, March 27, 1759
78. Samuel Lightfoot to Israel Pemberton, May 16, 1759
79. James Kenny to Israel Pemberton, June 19, 1759
80. Israel Pemberton to John Stanwix, August 24, 1759
82. George Stevenson to Richard Peters (December 29, 1759) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
83. Response to Thomson's pamphlet, 1759
84. Criticism of Benjamin Franklin's Historical Review [Thomas Penn?] This manuscript offers a critique of A Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania (1759). A Historical review was anonymously published, but it has been credited to either Benjamin Franklin or Richard Jackson. Written in the wake of the politically divisive 1750s, the pamphlet attacked the proprietors of Pennsylvania and the proprietary nature of the colonial government and defended the actions of the Assembly and Quaker Party during the Seven Years' War. The manuscript in the APS's vault was written in 1759 or 1760, likely in London. It defends the proprietor and the government in general. Largely unknown to historians, this manuscript provides insight into the deep political divisions within colonial Pennsylvania by offering a clear view into the beliefs of the proprietors and the proprietary party. The anonymous author of the work is almost certainly Thomas Penn. The manuscript was never published.
85. Various Memoranda, 1760
86. Letter Concerning Conestoga Manor (January 18, 1760) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
87. George Stevenson to Richard Peters (January 24, 1760) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
88. George Stevenson Letter (February 2, 1760) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
89. George Stevenson to Richard Peters and Richard Hockley (April 23, 1760) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
90. George Stevenson Letter (April 24, 1760) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
91. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, May 16, 1760
92. Account of the Return of Three White Prisoners, May 20, 1760
93. Isaac Whitelock to Israel Pemberton, June 6, 1760
94. Israel Pemberton, Captive Inquiry As the French and Indian Wars wind down, The Commissioners for Indian Affairs are negotiating to secure the release of the white settlers that are still being held prisoners by the Indians. However even before a general Treaty, Trustees of the Mennonite Church are attempting to accelerate this release by offering the Indians 'presents' if they would escort the white prisoners from their lands to Pittsburgh. This gesture is to be considered payment for the cost and inconvenience to the Indians for this journey, and not as a ransom for releasing the white prisoners...Letter written by Israel Pemberton addressed to the Indian Affairs Commission inquiring about an agreement to instruct agents in Indian towns along the frontier to look into how many captives are in each town, and their physical descriptions. He also implores the commission to ask the agents to make inquiries to the "dispositions" of the Indians holding captives, as well as their readiness to accept ransom in exchange for release of captives.
95. Nathaniel Holland to Friend, August 21, 1760
96. Christopher Schultze to Israel Pemberton, August 29, 1760
97. John and Richard Penn to the Friendly Association, September 5, 1760
98. Benjamin Lightfoot to Israel Pemberton, September 7, 1760
99. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, September 17, 1760
100. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, October 16, 1760
101. List of Goods Applied to Indians (1761) The Friendly Association, short for "The Friendly Association for Regaining and Preserving Peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures”, was established by a group of eminent Philadelphia Quakers in 1756. The group formed in reaction to months of horrific violence between settlers, mostly Scots-Irish and German, and Native Americans on the Pennsylvania frontier. The leaders of the Friendly Association endeavored to establish lasting and productive peace with the Native American tribes of Pennsylvania [mostly Lenape, Susquehannock], and as a consequence prove the effectiveness of Quaker pacifism. This digital record contains images that depict the entire contents of folder 13, held in box 18 of the Cox-Parrish-Wharton papers.
102. George Stevenson to Richard Peters (March 14, 1761) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
103. George Stevenson to Richard Peters Concerning Blue Rock Plantation (March 14, 1761) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
104. Report of the Easton Conference, August 1761
105. Christian Frederick Post to Israel Pemberton, August 8, 1761
106. George Stevenson to Richard Peters and Richard Hockley (August 10, 1761) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
107. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, August 29, 1761
109. Timothy Horsfield to James Hamilton, September 3, 1761
110. Edward Shippen to [William Allen?], September 15, 1761
111. Papunehan to Israel Pemberton, September 15, 1761
112. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, September 30, 1761
113. Governor Hamilton to Papunehan, October 12, 1761
114. Message to the Governor, October 12, 1761
115. Nathaniel Holland to Israel Pemberton, December 20, 1761
116. Account of presents sent to Pittsburgh, 1762
117. Indenture For Lease of Blue Rock Farm (March 29, 1762) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
119. Peters deposition, May 28, 1762
120. Account of a conversation between Joseph Fox and the Governor, June 21, 1762
121. Speeches to the Indians at Easton, June 22, 1762 A draft of the account of Sir William Johnson's and Israel Pemberton's speeches to the Indians at Easton. "At 5 O'Clock Sir William Johnson by a Messenger gave us Notice that he had appointed the Indians [added in different hand: which had been prepared to hold the conference in] to meet him the Bowery within an hour when he intended to speak to them. We attended and Sir William Johnson made a Speech at them, the substance of which was as follows." [note on the margin] That it was injust to deny Teedy. a clerk which was his national right that he had as much right to app. a clerk as Sir William upon which Mr. Marsh said that he was not appointed Secretary by Sir W. but the King. Cf. Papers of Sir William Johnson, vol. 3, 762-771. "Sir William then asked Israel Pemberton 'what right he had to interpose in this matter, and said that, He was, by the Royal Order, to hear the Complaints of the Indians, and the Proprietaries Defence, and that no other person had any right to Intermeddle. That the Governor, and the Proprietary-Commissioners who were, by did not at all interfere. Israel insolently answer'd that He was a Freeman and had as much Right to speak as the Governor. That it was injust to deny Teeduyscung a Clerk which was his natural right. Upon which Mr. March said, that he was not appointed Secretary by Sir William but by the King. Mr. Marsh is Witham Marsh, Secretary for Indian Affairs.
122. Proceedings at Easton, June 22, 1762
123. Present at Easton, June 22, 1762
124. Account of the conversation between Galloway and Chew, June 24, 1762
125. Extracts from the alleged 1686 diary, June 1762 A corrected draft; the excerpts were used by the Proprietors' lawyers to prove the authenticity of the 1686 treaty. Endorsed as follows: "Examined & compared to William Markham's old Diary W. Peters and Richard Peters." Heavily edited draft of the alleged excerpt from the "antient" diary of William Markham for August 9-27, 1686. The excerpt was used by the proprietors' lawyers to prove the authenticity of the 1686 "treaty." Watermark: Royal arms under Garter/GR under crown, same as the copia vera of the 1686 treaty.
126. Papers respecting Teedyuscung's complaint, June 1762
127. Francis Alison Sermons (1763) Record Group 294 consists of Alison's sermons, miscellaneous manuscripts, and miscellaneous items; also included are some family documents. Francis Alison, born in Ireland, 1705. He studied at the University of Glasgow before travelling to America in 1735. In 1737 he became pastor of Pennsylvania's New London Presbyterian Church. Ten years later he opened an academy in New London. Students included three signers of the Declaration of Independence and the Secretary of the Second Continental Congress. In 1752 Alison moved to Philadelphia to take charge of the Philadelphia Academy. He was later appointed Vice-Provost of the newly established University of Pennsylvania, as well as Professor of Moral Philosophy. He was also assistant minister at the First Presbyterian Church. Alison died in 1779.
128. James Burd Diary at Fort Augusta James Burd was well-known in colonial Pennsylvania through his role in the French and Indian War, as well as his connections to many of the colony's leading families (most notably the Shippen family). This diary from the summer of 1763 documents Burd's time at Fort Augusta. It recounts the opening of Pontiac's Rebellion and the initial reports of the Indian raid on the Connecticut settlers in the Wyoming Valley.
129. Andrew Tail Bond (January 19, 1763) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
130. George Stevenson Letter (January 19, 1763) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
131. Robert Beaty to Richard Hockley and William Peters (January 22, 1763) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
132. John Mitchel to William Peters ( March 14, 1763) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore. For more information, visit http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/sd/r17sdc.htm
133. Samuel Nelson to William Peters (March 24, 1763) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
134. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, June 6, 1763
135. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, June 13, 1763
136. Benjamin Franklin to Richard Jackson, June 27, 1763
137. Thomas McKee to James Burd, July 9, 1763
138. Commission for Timothy Horsfield, July 11, 1763
139. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, July 11, 1763
140. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, July 21, 1763
141. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, June 23, 1763
142. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, July 25, 1763
143. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, July 26, 1763
144. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, July 27, 1763
145. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, July 30, 1763
147. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, August 15, 1763
148. Petition to James Hamilton, August 17, 1763
149. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, August 19, 1763
150. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, August 31, 1763
151. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, September 1, 1763
152. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, September 3, 1763
153. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, September 15, 1763
154. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, September 20, 1763
155. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, October 10, 1763
156. James Hamilton to Timothy Horsfield, October 13, 1763
157. Adam Bernard Grube to Timothy Horsfield, October 13, 1763
158. Joseph Shippen Jr. to James Burd, October 21, 1763
159. Edward Shippen to Governor James Hamilton, October 29, 1763
160. John Penn to Timothy Horsfield, November 14, 1763
162. Province Island Diary (December 1, 1763 - January 4, 1764) Excerpt from Julia Maynard Maserjian, "Moravian Indians: A Brief Introduction." Bethlehem Digital History Project, 2000-2009. bdhp.moravian.edu/community_records/christianindians/narrative.html The Pennsylvania frontier recalled the violence visited upon it during the Seven Years' War. The new bloodshed brought about by Pontiac's War bore down on the western backcountry and bred a new contempt among frontiersmen toward Indians and the government to the east. These individuals saw no distinction between hostile, friendly and Christian Indians. In an attempt to protect the Moravian Indians, the government moved them from the villages of Nain and Wechquetank to Philadelphia in November of 1763. Angered by the government's protection of the Moravian Indians, while it seemed to ignore the defense of the Pennsylvania frontier, an angry band of men called the Paxton Boys visited their rage upon a small group of Conestoga Indians near Lancaster. On December 14, 1763, fifty armed men murdered six Conestoga Indians at their settlement. The remaining fourteen Indians were taken into protective custody only to be brutally murdered by the Paxtonians on December 27. Fortunately, through negotiations, attempts to make the Moravian Indians housed near Philadelphia their next target were thwarted. The dispersing of the Paxton Boys did not, however, alleviate the threat to the Moravian Indians. The Pennsylvania government tried to transfer the refugees to New York or New Jersey, but the Moravian Indians were rejected by both governments and were returned to Philadelphia where they remained confined in barracks until 1765. After their release from the barracks in Philadelphia, the missionaries and their converts, in an effort to place themselves as far away as possible from any future threats posed by white settlements, moved to the Wyalusing valley. There the second Friedenshutten was founded and would flourish until 1771. Although the Iroquois granted the land for Friedenshutten to the mission Indians in 1768, they sold the Wyalusing land to Pennsylvania in 1771. Land disputes were avoided when the Delawares of the Tuscarawas Valley offered the Christian Indians a home in Ohio. By 1773, virtually all of the Moravian Indians had moved from their various settlements to Ohio bringing an end to Moravian missions in Pennsylvania. The events of 1763 through 1765 drastically altered not only the Moravian Mission effort but also the face of Pennsylvania colonial politics. The challenges faced by the Moravian Indians during this period speak to these regional events. Like their unconverted counterparts, the Christianized Indians suffered attack, betrayal, persecution, and forced migration."
163. Thomas Penn to John Penn, December 10, 1763 Letters from Thomas Penn to nephew John Penn, lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania (Dec. 10, 1763) and Sir William Johnson, British superintendent of Indian affairs (Sept. 7, 1763), regarding Indian disturbances and colonial administration. To his nephew, Penn praises the military response of Col. John Armstrong to Indian aggression and mentions parliamentary bills to enlarge the military and end paper money disputes with the Pennsylvania Assembly. Penn praises Johnson's handling of Indian affairs and advises him on obtaining preferment. He also discusses Johnson's plan to set a boundary line between the colonies and the Indians, and notes Pennsylvania's intention to pay the Indians for any lands lost in the demarcation.
164. Edward Shippen to John Elder, December 16, 1763
165. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, December 19, 1763
167. Account for Maintaining Indians at Lancaster, December 27, 1763
168. Account of the Indian murders, December 27, 1763
169. The Congregational Diary of Lancaster Moravian Church, December 27-28 , 1763
170. Letter from Matthaus Hehl to the Church Leadership, December 29, 1763
171. Epistle from Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 1764
172. Apology of the Paxton Volunteers
173. Petition of the Inhabitants of Lancaster County
174. Letter from Albrecht Ludolph Russmeyer to Nathanael Seidel, January 2, 1764
175. Joseph Shippen Jr. to Colonel James Burd, January 3, 1764
176. Diary of the Indian Gemeinlein on Pilgrimage (January 4-17, 1764) Excerpt from Julia Maynard Maserjian, "Moravian Indians: A Brief Introduction." Bethlehem Digital History Project, 2000-2009. bdhp.moravian.edu/community_records/christianindians/narrative.html The Pennsylvania frontier recalled the violence visited upon it during the Seven Years' War. The new bloodshed brought about by Pontiac's War bore down on the western backcountry and bred a new contempt among frontiersmen toward Indians and the government to the east. These individuals saw no distinction between hostile, friendly and Christian Indians. In an attempt to protect the Moravian Indians, the government moved them from the villages of Nain and Wechquetank to Philadelphia in November of 1763. Angered by the government's protection of the Moravian Indians, while it seemed to ignore the defense of the Pennsylvania frontier, an angry band of men called the Paxton Boys visited their rage upon a small group of Conestoga Indians near Lancaster. On December 14, 1763, fifty armed men murdered six Conestoga Indians at their settlement. The remaining fourteen Indians were taken into protective custody only to be brutally murdered by the Paxtonians on December 27. Fortunately, through negotiations, attempts to make the Moravian Indians housed near Philadelphia their next target were thwarted. The dispersing of the Paxton Boys did not, however, alleviate the threat to the Moravian Indians. The Pennsylvania government tried to transfer the refugees to New York or New Jersey, but the Moravian Indians were rejected by both governments and were returned to Philadelphia where they remained confined in barracks until 1765. After their release from the barracks in Philadelphia, the missionaries and their converts, in an effort to place themselves as far away as possible from any future threats posed by white settlements, moved to the Wyalusing valley. There the second Friedenshutten was founded and would flourish until 1771. Although the Iroquois granted the land for Friedenshutten to the mission Indians in 1768, they sold the Wyalusing land to Pennsylvania in 1771. Land disputes were avoided when the Delawares of the Tuscarawas Valley offered the Christian Indians a home in Ohio. By 1773, virtually all of the Moravian Indians had moved from their various settlements to Ohio bringing an end to Moravian missions in Pennsylvania. The events of 1763 through 1765 drastically altered not only the Moravian Mission effort but also the face of Pennsylvania colonial politics. The challenges faced by the Moravian Indians during this period speak to these regional events. Like their unconverted counterparts, the Christianized Indians suffered attack, betrayal, persecution, and forced migration."
177. Diary of the Indian Gemeine in the Barracks in Philadelphia (January 5 - April 3, 1765) Excerpt from Julia Maynard Maserjian, "Moravian Indians: A Brief Introduction." Bethlehem Digital History Project, 2000-2009. bdhp.moravian.edu/community_records/christianindians/narrative.html The Pennsylvania frontier recalled the violence visited upon it during the Seven Years' War. The new bloodshed brought about by Pontiac's War bore down on the western backcountry and bred a new contempt among frontiersmen toward Indians and the government to the east. These individuals saw no distinction between hostile, friendly and Christian Indians. In an attempt to protect the Moravian Indians, the government moved them from the villages of Nain and Wechquetank to Philadelphia in November of 1763. Angered by the government's protection of the Moravian Indians, while it seemed to ignore the defense of the Pennsylvania frontier, an angry band of men called the Paxton Boys visited their rage upon a small group of Conestoga Indians near Lancaster. On December 14, 1763, fifty armed men murdered six Conestoga Indians at their settlement. The remaining fourteen Indians were taken into protective custody only to be brutally murdered by the Paxtonians on December 27. Fortunately, through negotiations, attempts to make the Moravian Indians housed near Philadelphia their next target were thwarted. The dispersing of the Paxton Boys did not, however, alleviate the threat to the Moravian Indians. The Pennsylvania government tried to transfer the refugees to New York or New Jersey, but the Moravian Indians were rejected by both governments and were returned to Philadelphia where they remained confined in barracks until 1765. After their release from the barracks in Philadelphia, the missionaries and their converts, in an effort to place themselves as far away as possible from any future threats posed by white settlements, moved to the Wyalusing valley. There the second Friedenshutten was founded and would flourish until 1771. Although the Iroquois granted the land for Friedenshutten to the mission Indians in 1768, they sold the Wyalusing land to Pennsylvania in 1771. Land disputes were avoided when the Delawares of the Tuscarawas Valley offered the Christian Indians a home in Ohio. By 1773, virtually all of the Moravian Indians had moved from their various settlements to Ohio bringing an end to Moravian missions in Pennsylvania. The events of 1763 through 1765 drastically altered not only the Moravian Mission effort but also the face of Pennsylvania colonial politics. The challenges faced by the Moravian Indians during this period speak to these regional events. Like their unconverted counterparts, the Christianized Indians suffered attack, betrayal, persecution, and forced migration."
178. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, January 5, 1764
179. Proceedings at a Council Held at Fort George (January 9, 1764) Proceedings. Present Lieut.-Gov. Cadwallader Colden, [Daniel] Horsmanden, [William] Smith, Mr. [John, Watts, Mr. [William] Walton, [William Alexander,] Earl of Stirling; attacks on the Indians by settlers near Lancaster, Pennsylvania; peaceable Indians, on an island in Schuylkill near Philadelphia, molested; Gov. Penn wishes the Indians removed to New York; the Council disapproves and advises governor of New York, not to receive them. Attested copy, signed by Gw. [Goldsborow] Banyar. Endorsed: "Minutes inclosed in Gov. Colden's Letter of Jan. 1764. (Read in Council 16th Jany 1764)."
180. John Whitmer to William Peters (January 16, 1764) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
182. Travel Diary of the little Indian Gemeine (January 18 - 24, 1764) Excerpt from Julia Maynard Maserjian, "Moravian Indians: A Brief Introduction." Bethlehem Digital History Project, 2000-2009. bdhp.moravian.edu/community_records/christianindians/narrative.html The Pennsylvania frontier recalled the violence visited upon it during the Seven Years' War. The new bloodshed brought about by Pontiac's War bore down on the western backcountry and bred a new contempt among frontiersmen toward Indians and the government to the east. These individuals saw no distinction between hostile, friendly and Christian Indians. In an attempt to protect the Moravian Indians, the government moved them from the villages of Nain and Wechquetank to Philadelphia in November of 1763. Angered by the government's protection of the Moravian Indians, while it seemed to ignore the defense of the Pennsylvania frontier, an angry band of men called the Paxton Boys visited their rage upon a small group of Conestoga Indians near Lancaster. On December 14, 1763, fifty armed men murdered six Conestoga Indians at their settlement. The remaining fourteen Indians were taken into protective custody only to be brutally murdered by the Paxtonians on December 27. Fortunately, through negotiations, attempts to make the Moravian Indians housed near Philadelphia their next target were thwarted. The dispersing of the Paxton Boys did not, however, alleviate the threat to the Moravian Indians. The Pennsylvania government tried to transfer the refugees to New York or New Jersey, but the Moravian Indians were rejected by both governments and were returned to Philadelphia where they remained confined in barracks until 1765. After their release from the barracks in Philadelphia, the missionaries and their converts, in an effort to place themselves as far away as possible from any future threats posed by white settlements, moved to the Wyalusing valley. There the second Friedenshutten was founded and would flourish until 1771. Although the Iroquois granted the land for Friedenshutten to the mission Indians in 1768, they sold the Wyalusing land to Pennsylvania in 1771. Land disputes were avoided when the Delawares of the Tuscarawas Valley offered the Christian Indians a home in Ohio. By 1773, virtually all of the Moravian Indians had moved from their various settlements to Ohio bringing an end to Moravian missions in Pennsylvania. The events of 1763 through 1765 drastically altered not only the Moravian Mission effort but also the face of Pennsylvania colonial politics. The challenges faced by the Moravian Indians during this period speak to these regional events. Like their unconverted counterparts, the Christianized Indians suffered attack, betrayal, persecution, and forced migration."
183. Diary of the Indian Gemeine in the Barracks in Philadelphia, Original Draft (March 1 - October 27, 1764) Excerpt from Julia Maynard Maserjian, "Moravian Indians: A Brief Introduction." Bethlehem Digital History Project, 2000-2009. bdhp.moravian.edu/community_records/christianindians/narrative.html The Pennsylvania frontier recalled the violence visited upon it during the Seven Years' War. The new bloodshed brought about by Pontiac's War bore down on the western backcountry and bred a new contempt among frontiersmen toward Indians and the government to the east. These individuals saw no distinction between hostile, friendly and Christian Indians. In an attempt to protect the Moravian Indians, the government moved them from the villages of Nain and Wechquetank to Philadelphia in November of 1763. Angered by the government's protection of the Moravian Indians, while it seemed to ignore the defense of the Pennsylvania frontier, an angry band of men called the Paxton Boys visited their rage upon a small group of Conestoga Indians near Lancaster. On December 14, 1763, fifty armed men murdered six Conestoga Indians at their settlement. The remaining fourteen Indians were taken into protective custody only to be brutally murdered by the Paxtonians on December 27. Fortunately, through negotiations, attempts to make the Moravian Indians housed near Philadelphia their next target were thwarted. The dispersing of the Paxton Boys did not, however, alleviate the threat to the Moravian Indians. The Pennsylvania government tried to transfer the refugees to New York or New Jersey, but the Moravian Indians were rejected by both governments and were returned to Philadelphia where they remained confined in barracks until 1765. After their release from the barracks in Philadelphia, the missionaries and their converts, in an effort to place themselves as far away as possible from any future threats posed by white settlements, moved to the Wyalusing valley. There the second Friedenshutten was founded and would flourish until 1771. Although the Iroquois granted the land for Friedenshutten to the mission Indians in 1768, they sold the Wyalusing land to Pennsylvania in 1771. Land disputes were avoided when the Delawares of the Tuscarawas Valley offered the Christian Indians a home in Ohio. By 1773, virtually all of the Moravian Indians had moved from their various settlements to Ohio bringing an end to Moravian missions in Pennsylvania. The events of 1763 through 1765 drastically altered not only the Moravian Mission effort but also the face of Pennsylvania colonial politics. The challenges faced by the Moravian Indians during this period speak to these regional events. Like their unconverted counterparts, the Christianized Indians suffered attack, betrayal, persecution, and forced migration."
185. Diary of the Indian Gemeine in the Barracks in Philadelphia, Final Draft (January 24 - December 31, 1764) Excerpt from Julia Maynard Maserjian, "Moravian Indians: A Brief Introduction." Bethlehem Digital History Project, 2000-2009. bdhp.moravian.edu/community_records/christianindians/narrative.html The Pennsylvania frontier recalled the violence visited upon it during the Seven Years' War. The new bloodshed brought about by Pontiac's War bore down on the western backcountry and bred a new contempt among frontiersmen toward Indians and the government to the east. These individuals saw no distinction between hostile, friendly and Christian Indians. In an attempt to protect the Moravian Indians, the government moved them from the villages of Nain and Wechquetank to Philadelphia in November of 1763. Angered by the government's protection of the Moravian Indians, while it seemed to ignore the defense of the Pennsylvania frontier, an angry band of men called the Paxton Boys visited their rage upon a small group of Conestoga Indians near Lancaster. On December 14, 1763, fifty armed men murdered six Conestoga Indians at their settlement. The remaining fourteen Indians were taken into protective custody only to be brutally murdered by the Paxtonians on December 27. Fortunately, through negotiations, attempts to make the Moravian Indians housed near Philadelphia their next target were thwarted. The dispersing of the Paxton Boys did not, however, alleviate the threat to the Moravian Indians. The Pennsylvania government tried to transfer the refugees to New York or New Jersey, but the Moravian Indians were rejected by both governments and were returned to Philadelphia where they remained confined in barracks until 1765. After their release from the barracks in Philadelphia, the missionaries and their converts, in an effort to place themselves as far away as possible from any future threats posed by white settlements, moved to the Wyalusing valley. There the second Friedenshutten was founded and would flourish until 1771. Although the Iroquois granted the land for Friedenshutten to the mission Indians in 1768, they sold the Wyalusing land to Pennsylvania in 1771. Land disputes were avoided when the Delawares of the Tuscarawas Valley offered the Christian Indians a home in Ohio. By 1773, virtually all of the Moravian Indians had moved from their various settlements to Ohio bringing an end to Moravian missions in Pennsylvania. The events of 1763 through 1765 drastically altered not only the Moravian Mission effort but also the face of Pennsylvania colonial politics. The challenges faced by the Moravian Indians during this period speak to these regional events. Like their unconverted counterparts, the Christianized Indians suffered attack, betrayal, persecution, and forced migration."
186. John Penn to William Murray (January 29, 1764)
187. Thomas Gage to Cadwallader Colden (January 30, 1764)
188. Sir William Johnson to Gov. John Penn, February 9, 1764 Miscellaneous collection of twelve letters written by Sir William Johnson between 1755 and 1773. The content of most of the correspondence relates to the French and Indian War, Indian treaties and conferences, the Conestoga Massacre (1763), land patents, and the appointment of Johnson's successor. Correspondents include: Cadwallader Colden, George Croghan, Thomas Gage, Peter Gilman, Richard Gridley, Hubert Marshall, John Penn, William Shirley, Henry VanSchaack, John Watts, and Thomas Wharton.
189. Benjamin Franklin to Richard Jackson, February 11, 1764
190. Manuscript Copy of Remonstrance, February 13, 1764 Manuscript copy of remonstrance from Matthew Smith and James Gibson to Governor John Penn. They position themselves as representatives of public opinion, submit nine points that decry the perceived underrepresentation of the western counties in the Assembly and bill changing trial location of persons charged with killing Indians, allege that Indians under government protection conspired with others to plan attacks, lament lack of public funds for the care of wounded frontier residents, request new bounties for Indian scalps, request embargo to effect return of captives, accuse private individuals of trading and treating with enemies of the province, and requests Fort Augusta garrison be ordered to take more proactive measures. Handwritten copy, perhaps draft. 13 February 1764. Gift of Paul and Judy Ware, 2009.
191. John Penn to William Johnson (Februrary 17, 1764) The Indians who were refused a passage through New York returned to Philadelphia under escort of a party of Royal Americans, by order of Gen. Gage; this guard, and the opposition apprehended from the inhabitants of the city, prevented an attack by the armed men who came from the frontiers as far as Germantown with that design; it is necessary to remove all Indians out of the Province; asks his advice as to sending them to the towns on the Susquehanna, or obtaining the consent of Gov. Colden for their passage to Albany in a sloop.
192. Jacob Whistler Letter (March 12, 1764) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore. For more information, visit http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/sd/r17sdc.htm
193. Thomas Penn correspondence, March 17, 1764
194. Jacob Whistler to William Peters (April 9, 1764) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
195. Circular on Royalization
196. Thomas Penn correspondence, May 5, 1764
197. Edward Shippen to Joseph Shippen, July 12, 1764
199. Thomas Penn to Sir William Johnson, September 7, 1764 Letters from Thomas Penn to nephew John Penn, lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania (Dec. 10, 1763) and Sir William Johnson, British superintendent of Indian affairs (Sept. 7, 1763), regarding Indian disturbances and colonial administration. To his nephew, Penn praises the military response of Col. John Armstrong to Indian aggression and mentions parliamentary bills to enlarge the military and end paper money disputes with the Pennsylvania Assembly. Penn praises Johnson's handling of Indian affairs and advises him on obtaining preferment. He also discusses Johnson's plan to set a boundary line between the colonies and the Indians, and notes Pennsylvania's intention to pay the Indians for any lands lost in the demarcation.
202. Treatise on the Indians of North America (1764) Contemporary copy of a treatise by Capt. Gavin Cochrane, tracing the history of British relations with the Indians of the Great Lakes region from 1760 to 1763, and offering suggestions as to how they might be improved. Also copies of cover letters addressed to the Earl of Halifax, then a minister in Grenville's cabinet, and to George III, for whom the essay was intended. Cochrane presents the circumstances that led to Pontiac's Conspiracy; recounts the means by which individual British garrisons were overthrown; and outlines steps the British could take to secure the Indians' loyalty.
203. Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon (1765 Excerpts) Charles Mason maintained field notes throughout the nearly 5 years it took to complete his survey. The journal includes mathematical and astronomical data, as well as the daily progress of the survey. Prior to hiring Mason and Dixon to settle a boundary line once and for all, the quarreling parties of Maryland and Pennsylvania agreed that the line separating the two provinces would be run east to west along a latitudinal arc 15 miles south of Philadelphia. The entry for June 12, 1764, reveals how Mason and Dixon located the starting point of the line that would later bear their name. Based on their calculations, the point 15 miles south of the southernmost point of Philadelphia was in a field belonging to Alexander Bryan. To access the complete diary, visit https://catalog.archives.gov/id/5821514
205. John Armstrong to George Croghan, March 26, 1765
208. John Penn to Sir William Johnson, May 23, 1765 May 23, 1765, letter to Sir William Johnson, British superintendent of Indian affairs, regarding the Indian trade, and white and Indian settlement on the west branch of the Susquehanna River. Penn remarks on a trading "scheme" of Philadelphians and George Croghan (deputy superintendent of Indian affairs for the western tribes), and on his own efforts to apprehend individuals responsible for destroying goods at Sideling Hill. Penn also states that he will act to remove white settlers on the west branch of the Susquehanna until that land is purchased from the Indians and asks Johnson to prevail upon the Munsees and other tribes to avoid that region in order to prevent bloodshed.
209. John Miller and Robert Beaty Bond (April 3, 1765) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
211. Thomas Penn to John Penn, June 8, 1765
212. Thomas Penn to Benjamin Chew, July 20, 1765
213. Sir William Johnson to Gen. Thomas Gage, July 14, 1766 Miscellaneous collection of twelve letters written by Sir William Johnson between 1755 and 1773. The content of most of the correspondence relates to the French and Indian War, Indian treaties and conferences, the Conestoga Massacre (1763), land patents, and the appointment of Johnson's successor. Correspondents include: Cadwallader Colden, George Croghan, Thomas Gage, Peter Gilman, Richard Gridley, Hubert Marshall, John Penn, William Shirley, Henry VanSchaack, John Watts, and Thomas Wharton.
214. John Penn to Thomas Gage, June 28, 1765
215. Edward Shippen to James Burd, January 19, 1768
216. William Allen to High Sheriffs, January 19, 1768
217. John Armstrong to John Penn (February 7, 1768) Concerning the taking of [Frederick] Stump and his servant from jail by violence; expresses his regret at the outrage; the people acted under a misapprehension of the intentions of the authorities in taking Stump to Philadelphia; explains the sentiment of the people, who say that the government shows more concern at the killing of an Indian than at the killing of any of themselves; that the Indians have killed numbers since the last peace, and that the exposed frontier people must always suffer before the government dares to say it is war; he has argued with them that those matters have no connection with the present opposition to authority; the sheriff had feared a rescue on the road, but no one suspected an attempt on the jail; he believes they are keeping Stump somewhere beyond the mountains, and there are still expectations that he will be delivered back to the sheriff; will set out next day to cross the mountains.
218. Edward Shippen to Rev. George Craig, January 9, 1769
219. Gov. John Penn to the Wyaloosing Indians, June 29, 1769
220. Account of the Indian Conference, October 22, 1770
221. Robert Callendar to John Pemberton and Owen Jones, April 22, 1771
222. Account of Conference between the Indians and the Friendly Association, May 10, 1771
223. William Patterson to Israel Pemberton, June 10, 1771
224. The Indians' Letter to the Representatives of Pennsylvania, May 16, 1772
225. Friendly Association's Message to the Delaware Indians, August 6, 1772
226. Minutes of Conference with Jos. Peepy and Peter Harrison, November 19, 1772
227. Philadelphia Friends to Wyaloosing Indians, November 28, 1772
228. Philadelphia Friends to Wyaloosing Indians, July 8, 1773
231. Jacob Whistler Receipt in Conestoga Manor (undated) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore. For more information, visit http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/sd/r17sdc.htm
233. William Watson to William Peters (undated) Correspondence concerned with the sale of tracts of land in Conestoga Manor located in the present Lancaster County. Information given varies among the letters. There are references to squatters occupying Conestoga Indian lands after the 1763 Conestoga Indian massacre and the occupation of a tract by Daniel McCormick as a reward for his service in arresting Thomas Cresap during the border dispute with Maryland known as "Cresap's War." Also of interest is a 1764 letter revealing crop rotation of hemp, barley, wheat, spelt, winter grain and Indian Corn on fields located near Blue Rock Ferry on the Susquehanna River. Among the names of those purchasing tracts in Conestoga Manor are Robert Beaty, George Adam Durstler, John Heer (Herr), Christian Heer(Herr), Rudy Herr, Samuel Herr, Michael Kauffman, M. Mather, John Mitchel, Abraham Miller, Jacob Miller, John Miller, Samuel Neilson, John Ross, M. Scott, Jacob Whistler, Jacob Whitman, Jacob Whitmore and John Whitmore.
234. Wyoming Petition to the Governor of Pennsylvania (undated)
235. Journal of a Settlement on the Susquehanna
Contents of this path:
1. Indian Man and Woman Eating (1585) An Indian man and woman eating; on rush mat, eating maize from a large round flat dish Watercolour over graphite, touched with white, bodycolour and gold. Inscribed in brown ink: "Theire sitting at meate " and in graphite: "20." For an introduction to this group of drawings by John White and a list of abbreviations used in the Literature at the end, see curatorial comment for 1906,0509.1.1, the title page inscription to the album. The following text is taken from K. Sloan, 'A New World: England's First View of America' (London, BM Publications, 2006), no. 24, pp. 144-5: The man in this watercolour is dressed like the old man of Pomeiooc (no. 19), but is showing the shaved side of his head, an ear ornament similar to the Priest's (no. 14) and a feather, which may indicate that he is younger. The woman is also young and her skin apron also seems to rise up her back and front to join on her shoulder which is covered by her hand. She is not tattooed as the other women are and her beads are not elaborate; the couple are probably not as high-ranking as the others depicted by White. They are sharing a meal, probably of hulled corn (soaked until the skins come off and then boiled until they puff up), on a wooden platter, seated on a reed mat similar to the ones shown in both village scenes. In his engraving de Bry added a significant number of artefacts to this scene which are not mentioned by Harriot in the caption but are referred to in his main text, and include a gourd for carrying water, a tobacco pouch and clay pipe, walnut, fish, corn and shell, perhaps the invention of the engraver and intended to indicate the contents of their dish, as assumed from Harriot's main account.The most significant comment appended to this image by Harriot is that the Indians ate 'soberly' and did not overindulge as he implies the English tended to do, and were healthier and longer-lived as a result. Engraved by Theodor de Bry in "America," pl. XVI: 'Their sitting at meate. 'Lit.: LB 1(21); Quinn, pp. 429-30; ECM 41; PH&DBQ 44(a); PH 41; Rountree, p. 51; Kupperman 2000, pp. 159-65
2. Indian Village of Pomeiooc (1585)
3. Indian Village of Secoton (1585) Bird's-eye view of village with huts, lake or river, fire, fields and ceremony Watercolour over graphite, heightened with white (oxidised). Inscribed in black ink with notes and in graphite "7." For an introduction to this group of drawings by John White and a list of abbreviations used in the Lit. at the end, see curatorial comment for 1906,0509.1.1, the title page inscription to the album. The following text is taken from K. Sloan, 'A New World: England's First View of America' (London, BM Publications, 2006), no. 8, pp. 110-11: The two towns recorded by White, Secotan and Pomeiooc, represent the two main types found in the area - palisaded (similar to a type found in Florida to the south) and open, as represented here. They contained a few dozen houses at most around a central open space with no rigid plan. The towns were sited near the coast or inland waterways for fishing and transportation. Soil near water was also richer and thus better for growing corn; but rainfall in the summer in this area is not reliable enough to guarantee several harvests every year (and the time of White's visits has been documented as a time of drought), and the people also hunted and gathered wild herbs and plants, carefully recorded for their medicinal, food and commercial properties by Harriot. They did not occupy their towns all year round or always return to the same site. Corn cultivation was relatively new to the inhabitants (introduced around AD 900) but they had developed a way of growing it in mounds surrounded by beans which gave nitrogen to the soil and increased the yield - far greater than the European method of ploughing and planting alone in rows. Maize was used in a variety of ways and provided a good proportion of their food (see no. 00). The houses were made of bark or reed mats, which could be lifted for ventilation. The roofs were rounded for greater stability and the various shapes of the buildings seen here are probably indicative of different functions, with closed structures for storage and ceremonial purposes and open-sided houses for living spaces, especially in the summer. They were mainly for sleeping and storage, with a central hearth used for cooking and smoking fish. There were sheds providing shelter from sun or rain for drying frames and for carrying out group work, although none is visible in White's views. White took most care here in depicting the activities of the people in the town: guarding the corn, which he indicates was sown in three stages (so it was ready for harvest from late July until September); 'sitting at meate'; their place 'of solemne prayer'; the 'Tombe of their Herounds'; and the 'Ceremony in their prayers' around posts carved with faces, while others rest on the sides. Some detail was lost through water damage to the drawing, but Harriot's accompanying written account has led de Bry to add further details including a hunting scene and plots of tobacco, sunflowers and pumpkins, and he has tidied up the scene considerably to make neat pathways and gardens rivalling those of an English country house. Engraved by Theodor de Bry in 'America', 1590, Pt. 1, pl. XX.Lit.: LB 1(6); Quinn, pp. 420-23; ECM 36; PH&DBQ 38(a); PH 36; Kupperman 1980, pp. 45-6; Rountree & Turner, pp. 14-22.
4. Indian Man and Woman Eating (1590)
5. The Town of Pomeiooc (1590) Bird's-eye view of a native American village enclosed by a circular palisade of poles. Eighteen buildings made of small bent poles covered with mats and/or bark surround a central fire with native Americans (some holding rattles) gathered around it. Outside the palisade are a field of corn (maize), sunflowers, and a pond from which three figures get water. The engraving is after a watercolor by John White. Hariot's text and key identify one building as the king's dwelling and another as a temple. The pond outside the village was dug as a source for water. Platforms within the buildings may be for sleeping and /or eating. The village can be located between present-day Lake Landing and Wyesocking Bay. Theodor De Bry's America. Part I. English.
6. The Town of Secota (1590) Bird's-eye view of a native American village. Buildings of pole and mat construction are dispersed in the landscape and surrounded by fields of crops. Crops include corn (maize), tobacco, sunflowers, and pumpkins. Human activities include hunting deer, guarding a field, tending a fire, eating, and dancing. Includes a ceremony involving dancing in a circle formed by posts with human faces carved into them. The engraving is after a watercolor by John White. Secoton may have been located on the south side of the Pamlico River, near Bonnerton, North Carolina. Theodor De Bry's America. Part I. English.
7. Virginia (1624)
8. Susquehannock Fort (1671)
9. Penn Wampum Belt (1682 Shackamoxon treaty)
10. Kort beskrifning om provincien Nya Swerige uti America (1702)
11. Lenape Indian (1702)
13. The Middle Colonies of North America (1714) This map, intended to promote German emigration to the English colonies, first appeared in Homann's Atlas Novus in 1714. From 1730 onward, this map appears with the line, "Cum Privilegio Sac. Maes. Majest." in the cartouche. It was published until 1804. Germantown Teutsche Statt, now Germanna, was a German mining community established by Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood in 1714. The native American figure in the cartouche is derived from the Susquehannock warrior in John Smith's map of Virginia.
14. Conestoga Manor (1717)
16. Map of the land between the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers, June 7, 1719 "Oversize map in Plexiglass case. The map is related to the boundary dispute between New York and New Jersey. The New York commissioners suspected that the northwestern station of the 1686 line was not on the northernmost branch of Delaware river. The New York commissioners evidently shared this suspicion. They sent Captain John Harrison to the branches of the Delaware on June 30, 1719. Harrison was to ""sett out from Minisinks' Island [the terminus on Delaware river fixed in 1686] and go the Indian path to Susquehanna river, and go up Susquehanna river till you meet the Indian path that comes from thence to the Indian town in Delaware called Cashieghtonk. (The New Jersey Archives, vol. 4, 391) Harrison's survey field book dated June 28 -July 8 is at the New Jersey Historical Society. (Stevens Family papers, box 40, folder 2). ""Protracted by a Scale of 5 miles in a inch."" Watermark: Shield / Post Horn Wendelin Riehel (WR 4) / K.J.K. Cf. Gravell, Foreign Watermarks, # 396 (IKM). Unpublished. "
17. Map of the Delaware River, ca. 1735 This manuscript map was probably drawn for a 1732 deed. Nicholas Scull, the first deputy surveyor for Philadelphia (1719) and Bucks County (1733); handled land disputes in Delaware Water Gap; he was was part of the surveying that precipitated the Walking Purchase. He later served as the Philadelphia County sheriff (1744-1746) and the province's Surveyor General (1748), author of published maps of Philadelphia region; member of the Junto; fluent in the Lenape language.
18. Peace Medal (1757) Presentation medal with the bust of King George II on the obverse and, on the reverse, a Quaker holding a peace pipe at a council fire with an Indian. Duffield, a clockmaker, engraved the die; the silversmith Richardson struck it. It was the first peace medal made in America. Benjamin Franklin and members of the Friendly Association would distribute these medals to Native Americans as tokens of goodwill. Inscription: "LET US LOOK TO THESE MOST HIGH WHO BLESSED OUR FATHERS WITH PEACE. 1757."
19. Habit of a Delaware Indian (1757)
20. Mr. Peter Williamson in the Dress of a Delaware Indian (1759) Williamson wrote of his capture by a professional gang in Aberdeen, Scotland, his sale in America, and subsequent capture by the Delaware Indians. He successfully prosecuted his kidnappers, compiled the first city directory of Edinburgh, established the first penny post there and he kept a tavern where he was known as Indian Peter. The details of his account have been questioned by scholars, but his narrative was popular at the time and served as a model for other captivity narratives. The British and French, realizing the esteem with which Indians held the pipe, began to manufacture metal trade hatchet pipes or tomahawk pipes in the eighteenth century. This image may have been copied from Pierre-Francois-Xavier de Charlevoix, A voyage to North-America, Paris, 1744; see also image in Charlevoix, Voyage, Dublin, 1766.
21. Disposition of the Pennsylvania Troops (1764)
22. Cantonment of His Majesty's Forces in N. America (1766)
23. A Delaware Indian with his Tomahawk (1766) Portrait of a native American of the Delaware Indians. Wearing a feathered headdress, wampum belt, gorget, and moccasins and carrying a gun or musket and a scalping knife, the man smokes a hatchet pipe and stands before a group of dancers and men paddling a canoe. The British and French, realizing the esteem with which Indians held the pipe, began to manufacture metal trade hatchet pipes or tomahawk pipes in the eighteenth century. Source title: [Journal d'un voyage fait par ordre du roi dans l'Amerique Septentrionale. English] A voyage to North-America: undertaken by command of the present King of France...
25. Penn's Treaty with the Indians (1771-72) Commissioned by Thomas Penn, son of Pennsylvania's founder, this painting depicts a legendary meeting between William Penn and members of the Lennie Lenape tribe at Shackamaxon on the Delaware River. Honoring his patron's and his own Quaker heritage, West employed a Neoclassical style to suggest both visual and political harmony. By depicting the three factions that shaped Pennsylvania for most of the eighteenth century - Native Americans, Quakers, and merchants - united in the act of settlement, West created a powerful symbol of peace. Although the scene is allegorical rather than historical, the image has become an icon of American history.Benjamin West was the first American-born artist to earn acclaim outside his homeland. West was born in Springfield (now Swarthmore), Pennsylvania, and his early artistic promise encouraged Philadelphia's leading citizens to finance his training in Rome. Subsequently, in 1763 West traveled to London and never returned to the Colonies. His acclaim as a painter of historical scenes attracted the attention of King George III. West was appointed official history painter to the king and was a founder and later was elected president of the Royal Academy. Well aware that, as an American, he was a novelty, West used this mystique to his advantage, claiming that he had learned color mixing from Native Americans. He greatly contributed to American art in his role as teacher and advisor to the many early American artists who came to London to study with him.
26. Penn's Treaty with the Indians (1775)
27. Plan of the City and Environs of Philadelphia (1777)
28. The Course of the Delaware River from Philadelphia to Chester (1778)
29. Plat of the Seven Ranges of Townships (1814)
30. Penn's Treaty with the Indians (1820) This engraving was taken from Benjamin West's painting which was commissioned by Thomas Penn in his effort to retain the proprietorship government of Pennsylvania. It shows William Penn's peace conference with representatives of the Leni Lenape or Delaware tribes under the great elm at Shackamaxon. The image in the print is reversed from the painting which is in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia. Cf. 05-135. Series edited by Giulio Ferrario. The title page identifies the illustrator as Giuseppe Erba Odescalchi. Image placed horizontally on page.
31. Washington Residence and Philadelphia Barracks View showing the house, also known as the Robert Morris House, built circa 1767-1768 at 526-530 Market Street, resided in by the president during construction of the executive mansion on Ninth Street. The walled garden adjacent the residence and the neighboring Sheaff's Wine Store (512 Market) are also visible. Includes pedestrian traffic of two men with canes. The residence burned in 1780 and was demolished in 1803. View showing the barracks built in 1757 in Northern Liberties for the quartering of British soldiers. Infantrymen drill across from a soldier presiding over a cannon in the courtyard of the buildings. The Barracks extended between Second, Third, Tammany, and Green streets and were razed soon after the American Revolution. Plate published in John F. Watson's Annals of Philadelphia...(Philadelphia: E.L. Carey & A. Hart, 1830), opp. p. 361. Residence view reproduced in Edward Lawler Jr.'s "The President's House In Philadelphia: The Rediscovery of a Lost Landmark." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (January 2002), pp. 5-95.
32. Penn's Treaty with the Indians (c. 1830-1835)
33. Events in Indian history: beginning with an account of the origin of the American Indians, and early settlements in North America, and embracing concise biographies of the principal chiefs and head-sachems of the different Indian tribes, with narratives a
34. Massacre of the Conestogas (1841) Events in Indian history: beginning with an account of the origin of the American Indians, and early settlements in North America, and embracing concise biographies of the principal chiefs and head-sachems of the different Indian tribes, with narratives and captivities ... also an appendix containing the statistics of the population of the U. States, and an Indian vocabulary. Illustrated with eight fine engravings.
35. Colored Lithograph of William Penn's Treaty with the Indians (1845) Print after the Benjamin West painting (1771) showing the treaty made at the village of Shackamaxon (i.e. Penn Treaty Park, Kensington) on the Delaware River. Penn, surrounded by his delegates, negotiates with the Delaware Indian chief near a giant elm tree. Crates of goods are sat upon and displayed by the English delegation. Native Americans, including a translator and a woman breast-feeding her baby, participate in and watch the negotiations. Also shows brick residences being built in the background. River depicted on left.
39. Paxton Presbyterian Church Paxton Presbyterian Church, Paxtang, Harrisburg, Pa. Congregation formed around 1732. This building erected 1740 is the oldest Presbyterian church in continuous use in Pennsylvania. An historic spot closely identified with early Colonial history and the American Revolution. Chapel erected in 1905, enlarged 1923. Marker shows location of early log church. Postcard produced by the Albertype Company, which operated between 1890 and 1952.
40. Visit of Pontiac and the Indians to Major Gladwin
41. Coaquannock Map (1934)

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This manuscript map was probably drawn for a 1732 deed. Nicholas Scull, the first deputy surveyor for Philadelphia (1719) and Bucks County (1733); handled land disputes in Delaware Water Gap; he was was part of the surveying that precipitated the Walking Purchase. He later served as the Philadelphia County sheriff (1744-1746) and the province's Surveyor General (1748), author of published maps of Philadelphia region; member of the Junto; fluent in the Lenape language.
This manuscript map was probably drawn for a 1732 deed. Nicholas Scull, the first deputy surveyor for Philadelphia (1719) and Bucks County (1733); handled land disputes in Delaware Water Gap; he was was part of the surveying that precipitated the Walking Purchase. He later served as the Philadelphia County sheriff (1744-1746) and the province's Surveyor General (1748), author of published maps of Philadelphia region; member of the Junto; fluent in the Lenape language.